Many of us study for years in school, then go to college and keep on learning throughout our careers. However, a large percentage of adults would struggle to quickly solve a basic multiplication problem. This raises an important question: Does all this learning truly enable us to make informed decisions in critical situations?

Learning might seem like simply acquiring information and skills that can be easily recalled. In order to remember something, you need to work on your memory. We often assume that if we study something, we’ll remember it forever, but experience tells us otherwise. This happens because most methods used in school to memorize information are outdated. At the same time, the most successful learning techniques are frequently paradoxical. They demand effort and make learning more profound and long-lasting.

Research shows that learning becomes more difficult but more permanent when you space out practice periods. Making mistakes and correcting them actually enhances learning. On the other hand, some popular practices, like rereading and massed practice, are now proving to be unproductive. Even if students manage to memorize the material, it won’t stay in long-term memory. Learning in a single sensory style that people choose for themselves is also ineffective. That is, there is no evidence that visual or auditory memorization will be more beneficial for an individual. Instead, utilizing all available resources and skills results in improved learning outcomes.

Take the example of Matt. During a routine freight run at 11,000 feet, he noticed the oil pressure dropping in his right engine. Staying calm, he relied on his training to make a critical decision — shutting down the malfunctioning engine to prevent a bigger problem. By reducing drag and adjusting power on the left engine, he managed to land safely. His quick thinking wasn’t just luck, but the result of effective learning and training that prepared him to make the right decision under pressure.

Now, imagine yourself in this situation. Would you be able to keep a cool head and act based on the knowledge you gained through learning? If you think not, keep reading to learn how to learn effectively and for life.